---
description: Ins and outs, gain adjustments, mixers, panners...
---

# I/O Mix

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### Input and Output

Every patch needs an output, and almost every patch needs an input.  Drop in these blocks to start off your design.  Here's a bypass.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FY3trLCbckxu9p1X91ILC%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=14b57b6b-1c35-4b8e-aee8-545b1a0137cd" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

The output block has a control panel.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fjxa2Qkh4LH4UrnMT2EaO%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=8d159d60-46d5-4aac-8ef0-9e756e4f65e7" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

| Parameter    | Description              | Range           |
| ------------ | ------------------------ | --------------- |
| Input Gain 1 | Multiplier for input 1   | -24.0 -> 0.0 dB |
| Input Gain 2 | Multiplier for input 2   | -24.0 -> 0.0 dB |
| Mono         | Sums input 1 and input 2 | on/off          |
| Offset       | Don't use it             | leave it off    |

### Volume

Provides a multiplicative control over a single signal.  Can be used for audio or control signals.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2F3YKYSnUhtM5WxfhbbT5G%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=9cbbfffb-07f1-41c9-887d-6e20c2d6c275" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FEGMk4JWKf0d3temkk041%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=6ddbd3d5-8b41-4363-b08f-93ba6a210ac8" alt=""><figcaption><p>Control Panel</p></figcaption></figure>

| Parameter  | Description                | Range           |
| ---------- | -------------------------- | --------------- |
| Input gain | Multiplies the input value | -24.0 -> 0.0 dB |

### Gain Boost

Provides a multiplicative boost in 6 dB steps for a single signal.  Can be used for audio or control signals.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FuUrh2BwPJ9KLX9bSDbfq%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=ebd338b0-1fc5-4d9b-8288-c70ffaa9ea9e" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2F7jzveN8O5Hyx2gA9jSse%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=1a1e5b98-b945-477a-8226-bcdba2d00f39" alt=""><figcaption><p>Control panel</p></figcaption></figure>

| Parameter | Description                | Range                       |
| --------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Gain      | Multiplies the input value | 6 dB to 48 dB in 6 dB steps |



### Phase Invert

Multiplies the input signal by -1.0, inverting its phase.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FlZJp4N5YoENyxyRewvDb%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=96cd7913-2c44-48ec-804d-2d70dbdc7601" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Crossfade

Implements a linear fade between 0 and 1 on one side and 1 to 0 on the other side.  Generally speaking this results in a -6 dB dip at the center point, but it's quite efficient in terms of instructions.  It is based on [this code](http://spinsemi.com/knowledge_base/coding_examples.html#Cross_fading) at Spin's Knowledge Base.  Using the control panel, you can add a gain reduction factor at the input if you like.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FtGo6vUT3kkzrVGw1T1Bj%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=30fe95d2-82b5-4bde-8d73-fc7c2e70a640" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fln1tbIF2mpYmjSohvfV6%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=02dd59ca-5fec-45f4-b804-4d3f9b30fe2d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FHJLI4VDg4eteIsNH7Rhw%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=c9954e15-1e2b-4081-8cd8-776531158bd1" alt=""><figcaption><p>Control Panel</p></figcaption></figure>

| Parameter    | Description            | Range           |
| ------------ | ---------------------- | --------------- |
| Input 1 Gain | Multiplier for input 1 | -12.0 -> 0.0 dB |
| Input 2 Gain | Multiplier for input 2 | -12.0 -> 0.0 dB |

### Crossfade 2

Implements a 2-segment gain curve as shown.  This results in a +6 dB boost when the control value is 0.5.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FPzBpTYJ2H6tVMmvt4xQ7%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=edff4de3-3d72-4b6a-b393-1ddb5f1c2469" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fx7MqNPvo4D8pQGqjls2B%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=9a297712-73fc-43a4-a500-940fd35becd5" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Crossfade 3

This implements another 2-segment curve, which should give 0 dB combined gain in the middle.  There will be some deviation from optimum in other areas of the curve.  This one requires the most instructions of the Crossfades.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FE2A9TacrzdHqkfvyaNf8%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=78f80a8d-d739-481a-89cb-88cbb39f5a09" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FT2dSysod34FRd5R5VrOB%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=612b0aae-c28b-469f-8091-8c6f6001c7da" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Panner

Takes a single input and pans it between two outputs using a linear curve.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fvzo51qFVvMyVVuEFGFnl%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=651c5085-a639-4f1c-9494-ead79f629df6" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2F39SWVSb5JBDcp8z7kocV%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=5a1b7e5a-ce05-4ec9-b011-8309396f64ea" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FhnNRTqmx1bATnsZQpbDP%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=31f83e0b-e6a9-46da-a819-9bd2b52a4075" alt=""><figcaption><p>Control Panel</p></figcaption></figure>

| Parameter  | Description      | Range                     |
| ---------- | ---------------- | ------------------------- |
| Input Gain | Input multiplier | -12.0 -> 0.0 dB by 1.0 dB |

### 2:1 Mixer

Mixes two signals together to a single output.  Input gain controls for each input are available in the control panel.  The input signal is multiplied by the control value if the control input is connected.  It is not necessary to connect the control inputs.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fmfq4LKLMnBTfz6n8NPfV%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=f2b750f9-0af3-4ce9-80a7-308bc31fc9da" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FC7R47OcAtttDy7LnqT6q%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=74a79da8-db40-4c3f-9fc3-3b82a5ac7be5" alt=""><figcaption><p>Control panel</p></figcaption></figure>

| Parameter    | Description            | Range                         |
| ------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Input Gain 1 | Multiplier for input 1 | -18.0 -> 0.0 dB in 1 dB steps |
| Input Gain 2 | Multiplier for input 2 | -18.0 -> 0.0 dB in 1 dB steps |

### 2:1 (x2) Mixer

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2FeHL5y22vIsILLoMXYP1t%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=f7abaff5-5291-4f32-99c5-5fee49294fe0" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

This puts two 2:1 Mixers into a single block, just for convenience.

### 3:1 Mixer

Just like the 2:1 mixer except with 3 inputs and 3 control inputs.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fx5RydnGmv43NuxRkRnJ6%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=fbfc4f1b-6840-42f8-8d5e-2749e07f2c4d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 4:1 Mixer

Just like the 2:1 mixer except with 4 inputs and 4 control inputs.

<figure><img src="https://4148137667-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FvkMElNCYnDaBJfC78R6c%2Fuploads%2Fu9dHTdxZ4zjSnihJKhql%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=1f2d6e11-2da9-4ce5-8a43-7d615b458efb" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
